LAL ROPUI ALXANDER THE GREAT(356–323 BC):

Vanlalsanga Tochhawng
   - Khawbung.


( Sei deuh mah se, History- lama tui deuh te tan. Tin, ka hriat dan leh ka thu lákna hi hmun tam tak anih vangin ziah dan chin tawk thiam a har hle bawk. )


Khawvelah hian Lal ropui tak tak an lo piang tawh a. Khawvelin "The Great" nihna title a pék chin erawh mi tlémte an ni hlauh thung. Federick the great, Peter the great, Asok the great, Akbhar the great, Herod the great te hi khawvelin 'The Great' a pék langsar zualte anni a.


Heng bakah hian lal ropui leh thil tithei tak tak, Russian lalnu ropui Empress Catherine te, khawvel hmeichhe lalnu ropui bera an sawi ṭhin, England ram awptu, pasal a neih loh avanga The Virgin Queen an tih, Queen Elizabeth-I te, French Emperor ropui leh thil tithei, sipai lam leh ram inrelbâwlna lama hruaitu ropui ber zinga khawvelin a hriat reng tur NAPOLEAN BONAPARTE te, German hruaitu huaisâr ADOLF HITLER-a te leh lal dang tam tak te kha, lal ṭha an nih leh nih loh chu thu hran ni se, an hun lai chuan an lârin an ropui a, thil an ti thei em em a, an lalna kha a tawp thei ang tih pawh rin harsa khawpa ropui leh chak an ni ṭhin. Khawvel lal ropui dang pawh sawikim sen an ni lo ve.


Chùng lal ropui leh chak tak tak zinga pakhat chu ALEXANDER THE GREAT- a hi a ni a. Alexander-a hi chu sipai hruaitu ropui a ni a, a hun lai khawvel nena thlir chuan Alexander ropuia tih loh rual a ni lovang. BC 356-ah khan Makedonia ram lal Philip- a chuan a nupui Olympias-i lakah fapa duhawm tak, Alexander-a hi a nei a. Arsi chetvel dan thlira aien thiam pakhat chuan, “I fapa hi indonaah tumahin an hneh thei lo vang,” tiin lalpa Philip-a chu a hrilh a ni awm e. Chu aien thiam thu sawi chu rawn dik chho ṭanin, naupang te a nih aṭanga Mizovin pasal ṭha kan tih ang chi hi a ni a. A lo seilian zel a. A kutah rorelna a awm chho zel a.


Indo hi a pianpui B.A ni awm takin a thiamin a chak em em mai a ni. A dam chhung tawiteah hnehtu a nei ta miah lo a nih kha.


Greek lalram a thunun hnuin, Persia lalram ropui tak a la a, khawchhak lamah ram a zauh duai duai a. Aigupta leh India ram thlengin ram a lata duai duai mai a ni. Amah hi khawvela zirtirtu ropui Aristotle-a ke bula seilian ngat a ni a. Aristotle-a chuan Alexander-a chu mi ropui tak ni turin a duang chhuak a ni ber mai a.


Hnehtu ropui, mite hruaitu ṭhaah a siam a ni kan ti thei bawk awm e. Pianpui mize duhawm tak anei a, chung zinga pakhat chu hnathawk ṭhate a chawimawi thiam a, a hlutsak bawk hi a ni. A sakawr Bucephalus-a chu a thi a, hun rei tak a pu tana nung tawh a nih avangin Alexander-a pawhin a ṭhian ṭha thi ang maiin a sûn a. Khawpui pakhat a din a, chumi hmingah chuan ‘Bucephalia’ a vuah tak thu chanchin ziaktu ropui Plutarch-a chuan a ziak a ni.
Alexander-a chu hnehtu ropui satliah mai ni lovin, rorêl thiam leh fing tak a ni a. Khawvel pumpui mai chu pumkhata siam a tum a. A ram hnehte chu zalênna zau tak a pe ṭhin a, tin, Greek finna leh thiamna a theh darh tel zel ṭhin bawk a ni. Alexander-a chu indo mî, mi hrât khawkheng tura lo piang emaw tih mai turin, naupan lai pawhin a lukham hnuaiah chemtê a dah reng ṭhin bawk a ni awm e. Vawikhat chu a pa ram la a lo hawng a, a pain ram lak tur a zuah sak lo vang tih hlauvin a ṭap bawk a ni awm e. Chuti khawpa indo châk, indo mi hi an vang hle bawk a nih hi.
Alexander-a chu BC 336-ah, kum 20 pawh a la tling fum fe lo tihin, Makedonia lal a lo ni ta a. Lal ṭhutthlenga a ṭhut phat aṭangin hmelma hmachhawn tur a nei nghal a. Trace, Thebes, Illyria leh Thessaly te a lakah an hel a. Heng lalram te hi Philip-a hnuaia lo kûn tawhte an ni. Thessaly (Greek ram pakhat)-ah sipaite hruaiin a kal a, thisen chhuah lovin inremna a siampui a. Tin, Greek lal dangte pawhin Alexander-a chu an lal, an hotuah an pawm a. Tichuan, Philip-a hova rem an lo ruat tawh, Asia ram rùn programme pawh chu nem nghetin, Alexander-a chu an hotu berah an pawm leh ta a ni.
Persia lal ram zau leh ropui tak mai rùn tura a thawh chhuah hmain Tracian-ho te, Illyrians-ho te, Thebes-ho te chu a mal tê têin a hneh hmasa phawt a. Thebes-ah mi 60,000 (singruk) lai a that a, hmeichhia leh naupang an mante pawh salah hralh an ni bawk. Hei hi a laka helte tan ṭih khai atana a tih a ni. Heng indonate hian, Alexander-a indo thiamzia te, General ṭha lutuk mai a nihzia te a rawn ti lang ta a ni. Mi huaisen leh rorum a nihzia miten an hre ta tak tak a, a thu vut vut tawh hle a ni. Emperor Napoleon-a kha, “Khawvela General ṭha ber” (The Greatest General of all times) tiin chanchin ziaktu (historian) ten an vuah ṭhin a, chu Napoleon-a ngei chuan, khawvela General ṭha leh ropui, a ngaihsan, mi pasarih hming a tlar a – “Alexander, Hanibal, Julius Ceasar, Gustavus Adolphus, Turenne, Prince Eugene leh Frederick the Great,” tiin.
BC 334- a lo inher chhuak a, sakawr chungchuang sipai ringawt pawh sangnga leh ke sipai  singthum hruaiin Persia lal, Daria do turin a thawk chhuak ta a. Persian sipai rual chuan Granicus luipuia lo dan an tum a. Thalfang sur chur chur palthlangin sakawr chungchuang ho chuan lui an kai a, chutah ke sipai an kal ve leh ta. Indona ropui tak a lo thleng ta a ni. Alexander-a chu râl hmatáwngah a tel a, a phaw leh a lukhum sir leh lam leh lama peh buk var avang chuan Persian ho chuan awlsam takin an lo hre thei ta mai a. Amah ngei mai chu thah tumin an rawn bi tum ta chat a. A dinhmun a harsa ta hle mai tihin a ṭhianpa ‘Cleitus-a’ chuan a rawn chhanchhuak hlauh mai a. Thilo a ruangin a chhuak thei hram a ni.
Alexander-a hmaah chuan khawpui kulh nei mi te chu an tlâwm ta zung zung mai a. Rang takin thû a pawt chat a, a bawhzui nghal vat ṭhin avangin hmelmate an lo inring ṭha hman ṭhin lo va, a hlawkpui hle mai. Mahse, Persian lal Daria do tura a chhuah dawn hian vawikhat chu a hmanhmawh leh a dawh theih loh a thihpui ṭhelh a ni. Nilengin ni sa rum rùt hnuaiah sakawr chung a chuang a, chutah Cynus luipui vawt ruih mai an va thleng a. Fimkhur lo zetin tuiah a zuang lut a, tuiah a inchiah a, hemi avang hian nasa takin a khua a sik ta a ni. A damdawi thiam hruaite an beidawng zo tawh a, chutah Acarnania mî, Philip-a chuan a dam nan damdawi a siamsak thei ang tih a rawn hrilh a. Damdawi a siam mêk lai chuan amah vengtu hlun Permenio chuan fimkhur turin lehkha a rawn pêk tir a. “Lal Daria chuan kha doctor kha túra hrai hlum tur chein a tham a ni ngei ang,” tiin. Lalin lehkha a lo chhiar mêk laiin chu doctor chuan a damdawi tui a siam chu a rawn keng a. Alexander-a chuan, “Hei hi chhiar teh,” tih pahin no chu a la a, a in zo ta vek a. Philip-a chu a ring a, a ring fuh bawk. A enkawl dam ta thuai a, Persian-ho hmachhawn turin a inbuatsaih leh ta a ni.
Persian lal, Daria chu a khawvel hriat zawng zawng deuh thaw chunga rorel a ni bawk a, ropui a inti khawp a, chuvangin ‘lal ropui’ tiin a invuah nghe nghe a ni. A lalram a zâu hle a, Asia khaw thlang zawng zawng, Aigupta thlengin a lalram a ni. Mahse, a chung a lungawi lo, amah paih thlâk duh lal eng emaw zat an awm a. Tin, Alexander-a hnuaiah chuan nuamsa zâwk leh changkang zâwkin an awm dawn tih an hriat avangin, a hnuaia awm an thlang zâwk bawk. Daria chu lal chak lo, indo thiam si lo a ni a, sipai erawh a ngah êm êm thung a. Persian sipaite leh Greek sipaite chu ChuIssus phaizáwlah an inhmachhawn ta a. Makedonia sipaite chuan chiang takin an hneh a. Lal Daria chu bak léngin a tlanchhia a, a nupui fanau leh a nu chu Makedonia sipai ten an man sak zui ta a ni.
Alexander-a chuan Daria chu inpe mai turin a phût a, Daria erawh chu a inpe mai duh bîk lo. Chuvangin chiang zeta hneh a ṭul ta a ni tih a hai hauh lo va. Mahse, chumi hmain Syria run hmasak phawt a tum a, Syria khawpui Tura chu thliarkara awm a ni a, chuti maia lak mai theih rual alo ni lo. Tui leh chirhdup hmun mel chanve laia sei chu chhungkhatin, Sidon ho lawng tam tak hmangin ‘Tura’ chu a lût ta a. Thiam chi tinreng hmangin Tura chu a hneh leh ta a ni. Hemi hnu hian Palestina leh Aigupta a la leh a. Aigupta- ah chuan khawpui thar a din a, ama hming chawiin Alexandria tiin a hming a vuah zui nghal ta bawk a ni.
Chu khawpui thar chu lawng chawlh hmun hmingthang tak a ni chho va, chu chu Alexander-a rem hriatzia tilangtu niin, kum sanghnih aia tam a ding a; a hming leh amah hriat rengna khawpui alo ni ta bawk. Aigupta-a a awm lai hian Ammon ho biak inah a kal a, chuta pathian chuan a fapaah a lo pawm a ni, an ti. Alexander-a chu Aigupta leh Syria lal thar a lo ni ta bawk a, BC 331-ah Tura khawpui a lo lût a, Persia do zai a rél leh ta a ni. Lal Daria chuan sipai nuai sawm (10,00,000) lai neiin an sawi ṭhin; mahse, chumi chanve vel chu a nei mai thei e. Tichuan, Persia sipai tam pui mai leh Greek sipai sangnga lek chu Gangamela hmunah an indo a. He indona hi ‘Arbella Indona’ tiin an sawi ṭhin. He indonaah hian Greek sipai, sakawr chungchuang mîte chu an ṭangkai êm êm a, Alexander-a chu hnehtu a ni leh. He Indona hmuna hnehna an chang ta mai hi anmahnin pawn mak an ti hle a ni.
Lal Daria chu a tlan bo leh thei hram na a, chutih lai khawvela lal ropui bera ngaih Persia lalram chu a tlâwm a. Chuta ṭangin ‘Persepolis’ khawpui, khawvela khawpui hausa ber leh ropui bera ngaih chu a lût leh a, Alexander-a ta an lo ni leh ta. Alexander-a chu Daria man turin a thawk chhuak leh a; mahse, a man hmain phiarrutu pakhatin Daria chu a vit hlum a, Greek-ho chuan a ruang chauh an va hmu a. Alexander-a chuan amah zahna entir nan a kawrfualin ruang chu a khuh a ni an ti. Alexander-a hian lalram lak tum ṭhin mah se, mite thinlunga cham reng chu an lal te a zah em em zel leh, rawng taka thah mai a tum ngailo hi angaihsan awmna pakhat chu a ni.
BC 328-ah chuan Persian lalram zawng zawng chu Alexander-a hnuaiah an kûn a. Fing tak, thil phal tak leh dawhthei takin a ram lâkte chungah ro a rel a, chu chuan a hnungzuitu Makedonia mîte a ti lunghnur hle a. Chuvangin thil lungngaih thlâk tak a lo thleng a. Zan khat chu Samarkand kulh chhungah kût ropui tak an lawm a, chutia mi sàwm ṭhenkhat chuan Alexander-a fakna hla an sa a, pathian a ni ringawt mai tiin an chawimawi a. Chu thil chu a ṭhianpa Cleitus-a zurui chuan a ngaithei ta hauh lo mai a, thinrim zetin Alexander-a chu sawisêlin a dem a. Makedonia sipaite avang chauhva Alexander-a chu hnehtu a nih thu te, Granicus indonaa a nun chhanchhuaktu chu amah Cleitus-a ngei mai chu a ni tih thu te a ân chhuah pui a. He ruai ṭhehnaa tel ve Greek ṭhenkhat chuan a duh lo chung inchhúng aṭangin an hruai chhuak a. Mahse, a lo kir leh a, Alexander-a hmuhsitna leh tih elna thu a rawn chhak chhuak leh a. Alexander-a thin thawk chuan feiin a chhun hlum ta hmak mai a ni. Chumi hnu rei lotêah a inchhir ta êm êm mai a, a puan inah a lŭt a, a mu tawp a, chaw a ei duh lo va, ni khat leh zan khat chhung chu a ṭhiante tumahin an hném thei lo. Tual thatah a inngai a, a inthiam lo êm êm a ni.
Ni leh thlâ a lo ral a, General ropui chu hmangaihna khurah a tlu lut ve ta. Sogdiana Rock a hneh a, chu hmun aṭang chuan nula hmelṭha zet mai ‘Rokana’ chu a sipaiten an rawn man a. Nula leh hmeichhe ngaihsak lo vâl kha, kulh neitu Oxyartes-a fanu, no bawih tak mai chu a enliam phal ta aw zawng lo mai. Nula hmangaihna chuan a man tâk tlat avangin a sipai hmunpui Bactria-ah a lo lêt leh a, chu ram dan ang chuan mo leh moneitu chuan chhang an phel a, ropui takin mo an lawm ta a ni. BC 327-ah chuan Alexander-a’n India ram a rawn rap a, Indus lui a kân a, Hydaspes (Jhelum) indonaah India lal pakhat Porus-a chu a hneh a. Alexander-a chuan Porus-a hnenah, “Eng tin nge ka tih ang che?” a ti a. Porus-a chuan, “Lalin lal a enkawl angin,” tiin a chhang a. A huaisenna chu a ngaihsan êm avangin Alexander-a chuan a lalram a pe lêt leh a, Makedonia venhimna hnuaiah chuan a dah ta a ni.
Alexander-a leh a sipaite chuan, Hyphasis (Beas) lui an rawn thleng a, Makedonia sipaite chuan kal zel an duh ta lo. Mél singkhat leh sanghnihzet an lo kal a, indo an ning tawh bawk nen, hnehtu nih pawh an chhang kham zo va. Chuvangin, Alexander-a pawhin ramla zel tura a remruatna a sût ta rih a. Thil phal tak leh zahawm takin a sipai tam tak chu lawmman hlu tak pein a hâwn tir a, Babulon-ah a kir ve leh ta a. Babulon lal ina rei lotê a dam loh hnuin BC 323-ah a thi ta a. Titi léng vêlah chuan, túra hrâi hlum nia sawi a ni a; mahse, a taksa hah lutuk vanga thi a nih a rinawm. Kum 13 chhúng chauh a lal hman a, a thih chuan kum 33 mi chauh a ni bawk; mahse, Alexander ropuia a ni hman ta tho tho a nih hi. Ram zau tak la in, hnehtu ropui a ni bawk a; mahse, a thih rualin a lalram chu a boral ve nghal mai a. Mahse, hnehtu ropui, Greek finna thehdarhtu a ni a, khawvel chanchin ziahnaah chuan Alexander Ropuia a ni reng tawh dawn a ni.
A THU ROCHHIAH MAK TAK MAI CHU!
A thih dâwna a nat vak khan, a natna chu tawrh chhuah chi a ni lo a, a chénna hmun ber  pawh a thleng hman dawn lo tih a inhre thiam mai a. A sipai general te a ko khawm a, an hnenah chuan “Thu rochhiah pathum ka nei a, ka thih hnu ah in lo ti hlawh tling ngei dawn nia” tiin a hrilh a. Chu a Thu rochhiah mak tak pathum te chu:
1. Ka Kuang chu damdawi thiam te chauhin an zâwn tur a ni ang.
2. Rangkachak leh lungmantam hrang hrang, ka ro bawm a ka lo chhek khawmte kha Thlânmual panna kawngah in chap pharh vek tur a ni ang.
3. Ka kut khinghnih chu, engmah ken nei lovin Kuang aṭangin pawnah a uai chhuakin dah tur a ni ang.
Heng a sawi zawh hian Alexander ropuia chu a chau hle a. General ho chuan an lal thu rochhiah hnuhnung mak tak chu an hrethiam lo hle a. Mahse, tuman zawhna an zawt ngam lo.Tichuan, general zinga amah hnaih deuh ber chuan pan hnaiin a kut a fawh sak a, “I thu rochhiah te hi tihhlawhtlin a ni ngei ang tih ka tiam a che; mahse, hetiang thu rochhiah mak tak i siam chhan hi min hrilh thei ang em??” a ti a. Alexander ropuia chuan, thawk a la halh halh mai a, chumi hnuah tihian arawn sawifiah ta a ni. Khawvel hian ka thil zirchhuah pathumte hi hre ve se ka duh a ni.
1. Tu Doctor mah hian thihna ata tute mah an tidam thei tak tak lo va. Thihna kotlangah chuan tumah an chhan thei lo va, engmah tih theih an nei lo a ni tih hi miten hria se ka duh a ni.
2. Ka nun pum pui kha hausakna ùm a, tam tak chhek khawl tum reng rengin ka hmang ral a. Mahse, engmah hi thih hnuah kan chhawm thei si lo. Hausakna ùm reng renga hun hman hi hun khawhralna mai a ni tih hi miten hria se ka duh a ni.
3. He khawvelah hian kut ruakin ka lut a, kut ruak bawkin ka chhuahsan dawn a ni tih hi miten hria se ka duh a ni. a ti a.
Alexander ropuia ṭawngkam hnuhnung ber chu, “Ka ruang in phum hunah, hriatrengna lungphun engmah siam lo ula. Ka kut khinghnihte chu pawn lamah lang theiin min phùm dawn nia. Tichuan, khawvel hnehtu chuan thihna ruamah chuan engmah a nei lo tih khawvelin a hre dawn nia…”  Lal tam tak a hneh a, ram zau tak a lak vang mai a Alexander the Great tih a ni ngawt lo a, a ram lak zau tak a awpna kawnga a finna te chuan he hming ropui hi a hlawh chhuak a ni. Mahse chu ropuina chuan Thihna ruamah engmah hlutna a neih loh zia Alexander ropuia hian hre chiang kher mai. Keini pawh hian khawvel mawina leh ropuina te ùmin han thlahlel ṭhin mah ila, thihna kut vawtin kan taksaah ro an rel hunah chuan engmah hlutna a nei tawh dawn lo a ni tih i hrereng ang u. Khawvelah hian engmah kan luh pui loh ang bawkin, engmah kan chhuahpui dawn lo tih hi kan Pathian thuin min hrilh dan chu a ni a. Chu chu he khawvel lal ropui tak nun aṭang hian a lang chiang hle a nih hi.